Ecotoxicological view of protection of apple orchards against insect pests in Poland

The paper presents some aspects of relations between modern plant protection of apple orchards and ecotoxicology. Based on significant similarity of the shape and size of apple and tomato fruits the relation between the doses of active ingredients of plant protection products and their residue levels immediately after treatment was derived for the apples and then quality indices and the risks for human health were estimated. It was found that many of the currently in force MRLs need to be revised and the exposure of consumer should not exceed the acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) and acute reference doses (ARfDs) for pesticide residues.