The different uses of sea space in Polish Marine Areas: is conflict inevitable?

Seven major types of sea space use (Nature Protection Measures, Fisheries Ex- ploitation, Geological Exploitation, Recreation, Large Infrastructures, Navigation, Military uses) in the Polish Marine Areas are presented in terms of how much space is used (km2) for each use and the degree of overlap among the different uses. The greatest degree of conflict is noted with regard to Nature Protection (which overlaps with 60% of the areas used for Recreation and Geological Exploitation), and Fisheries Exploitation (which overlaps with 60% of the areas used for Nature Protection, Recreation, Infrastructure and Navigation). On the other hand, Fisheries Exploitation areas are the least disturbed by other users, and its major competitor is Nature Protection, which claims 20% of the areas used by fisheries. A GIS–based map that illustrates the degree of conflict is included, and the authors suggest participatory management as the proper way to minimize conflicts over sea space use and to promote the effective protection of natural resources.