Investigation of tire force transmission on interaction with slush

The main parameters describing the interaction between a tire and the road are forces transmitted by a tire. This paper presents experimental and theoretical research of mechanism of force transmission between a tire and slush-covered pavement. The experimental research was conducted in the internal drum test facility at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany. The theoretical research presents a mathematical model of the system “"sub-block–slush layer–drum” focusing on slush behavior. The model evaluates mass change velocity of slush layer, mass, and physical–mechanical properties of sub-block. Slush was analyzed as a multi-layer bulk. The obtained velocities of slush layers and friction forces from the model allowed us to determine the generated heat per time unit at each layer. It was found that the top layer of slush has the highest velocity and heat flow values compared to other layers.