Variation in Growth and Yield of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia Volubilis L.) under Different Ecological Regions in Vietnam

The sacha inchi seeds (Plukenetia Volubilis L.), collected from different ecological regions of Vietnam (the Northern Mountainous region, the North Central region, and Central Highlands Area), were sown in the spring crop (March 2020) in Gia Lam district, Hanoi city, Vietnam. The variety S18 was copyrighted by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Developmentof Vietnam in 2019 as a special medicinal plant variety. During the period of 26 months after planting, the agronomical parameters, growth and development characteristics (leaf form, number of inflorescences per branches, number of female flowers per inflorescences, etc.), pests and diseases, yields and yield components (number of seeds per fruit, seed weight, seed grain, etc.), ratio of kernel per seed and ratio of oil per seed were evaluated. The evaluation results show that the collected sacha inchi lines have a time from sowing to flowering and fruiting of 108–125 days, a fruiting to ripening of 123–125 days, and a time from sowing to harvesting the first batch of 244–250 days. The annual harvest is carried out at two main times: May–June and November–January. The actual yield of the first two periods is high (2.66–3.07 tons per hectare), and the highest yield is collected in the Northern Mountainous area is 3.07 tons per hectare (in Tuyen Quang province), while and 3.01 tons per hectare are collected in the North Central region (in Thanh Hoa province). In the nursery, root rot caused 2.1–5.3% deaths and green wilt caused 3.1–4.8% deaths of seedlings. In the planting garden, fruit borers, stem borers, cavity worms and red spiders were discovered, causing more serious damage than other types (from 5 to over 50%). The results of evaluation of growth, development, yield components and yield showed that the sacha inchi lines collected in the North Central region (in Thanh Hoa province) and the Northern Mountainous region (in Tuyen Quang province) is the best.