The specificity of Polish and Israeli start-ups utilizing modern ict technologies

Introduction/background: The research problem was formulated by asking two research questions (RQ): RQ1: What are the similarities and differences in startup activity as observed in Poland and Israel? RQ2: What characteristics of a startup allow it to be treated as an AI-organisation? The conducted literature review allowed us to identify a certain cognitive gap (CG). CG1: There are few study reports discussing the characteristics of the European market of startups utilizing modern technologies. The study was conducted in 2018-2019. Aim of the paper: The main goal of the article is to present the results of a comparative analysis of Polish startups with Israeli organizations using artificial intelligence technology (AI startups). This main goal sets the focus on the respective partial epistemological aims. TA1: To determine the current state of knowledge about the characteristics of startups in Poland and AI startups in Israel. TA2: To try and define the term AI startup. Materials and methods: The research methods employed in implementing the formulated goals included: quantitative bibliometric analysis, systematic and critical review of the subject literature, text analysis and comparative analysis. Results and conclusions: It was noticed that clear differences can be observed between the analyzed markets, especially in terms of the number of AI startups. In addition, an attempt was made to define the concept of an AI startup, and the determinants of AI startups were also presented. In conclusion, the authors set the direction for further research, which would be based on expanding the observation of a broader spectrum of AI startups in other European and American markets.