Morphology of Czarna Cave and its significance for the geomorphic evolution of the Kościeliska Valley (Western Tatra Mts)

Czarna Cave represents phreatic cave with multiple loops. No cave level developed at the water table was detected. The cave was later modified by invasion vadose waters and breakdown processes. The phreatic paleoflow directions were analyse from the asymmetry of scallops. The paleoflow was directed from the east to the west, that is in a direction of the Kościeliska Valley. Therefore, this valley represented the main discharge zone of the region during the formation of Czarna Cave.