Biomasa jako paliwo w energetyce

Depletion of conventional fuels and the requirements of the European Union energy policy make the Polish power industry must use more and more renewable energy. The current Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC (Text with EEA relevance), recommend establishing mandatory national targets, according to which the in 2020. 20% of energy will come from renewable sources in the Community. This is primarily acquired energy from biomass. The professional power plants can be used in co-firing biomass direct, indirect and parallel. For co-firing of biomass can be used pulverized or fluidized boilers. However, as in the case of each fuel, biomass burning causes pollution and waste generation. Currently in the power industry there are produced only two types of co-incineration of waste: fly ash from peat and untreated wood (10 01 03), bottom ash and fly ash from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 16 (10 01 17). Wastes from the combustion of biomass, particularly in the form of fly ash can be used in many industries. Using fly ash from biomass in the industry, as in the case of all energetic wastes, may pose a problem related to their variable properties, depending mainly on the type of biomass, as well as in the case of the primary fuel and the type of cofiring boiler. Fly ash from the combustion of biomass is mainly spherical glassy particles of different dimensions, and their basic chemical components are SiO2, CaO and K2O. These ashes contain less vitreous phase consisting mainly of SiO2 and Al2O3. The article presents the amount of biomass used in the power industry. Consumption of biomass growing in both the heat and power plants using coal and lignite in 2012, the power plants and biomass power plants, biomass consumption was – 10 748 339 GJ. Also shows the emissions from the combustion of biomass in the power industry, number and a brief description of the waste generated from the combustion of biomass. The main directions of using the wastes from the biomass combustion biomass are being presented – the building materials industry, agriculture, waste water treatment.