Synthesis, Characterization and Adsorptive Properties οf Organobentonites

In this paper partial and complete substitution of cations in the interlayer region of clay with different amounts of two aliphatic ammonium cations was performed with aim of synthesis of organobentonites with multipurpose adsorption properties. Domestic clay from Bogovina was submitted according to a common procedure used for the obtention of organobentonite, which comprises the following steps: grinding, sieving, Na-exchange, cation exchange and drying. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The incorporation of surfactant molecules into smectite structure lead to constant increase of $d_{001}$ basal spacing. IR absorption bands assigned to methyl and methylene vibrations increased with the increase of surfactant/bentonite ratio and length of aliphatic chain in surfactant molecules. Adsorptive properties of the obtained materials were in accordance with their organophylicity: the adsorption of organic dye increased while the rate of removal of $Pb^{2+}$ by adsorption decreased.